Rap is defined as talking in rhyme to a beat while hip hop is referred to as the culture that embraces rap, graffiti, dancing and that whole urban lifestyle rooted on the streets.
Talking to a beat is not new (from African griots to poetry slams) but the advent of rap as it’s known today began as a kind of backlash against the disco era. While there is no true originator, Clive Campbell or DJ Kool Herc has been dubbed the godfather of hip hop or one of its founding fathers. In 2007, the address where it all began, 1520 Sedgwick in the Bronx, was officially recognized by New York State as the birthplace of hip hop.
Herc is short for Hercules, a nickname tied his athletic ability as well as his commanding height of six feet five inches. The oldest of six children, Campbell emigrated with his family from Kingston, Jamaica in 1967 when he was twelve. They joined other Jamaican transplants in the Bronx, one of New York City’s poorest boroughs with neighborhood gangs and a high crime rate.
Using records from his father’s collection and memories from Jamaica of banks of speakers set up for parties, Herc merged the two at a sister’s party. This was his first DJ gig. He rigged the speakers to make the sound louder and began using two turntables with duplicate records. That way he could extend the breaks or beat section that the dancers liked. What began as rec room parties moved on to the outdoors where Herc would “borrow” power for his turntables and speakers from any handy electrical source. He also brought in his friend Coke La Roc to act as MC and keep the crowd energized with responses to his calls during the breaks. He went on to DJ at more parties, parks, school events and eventually clubs. His first professional gig was at the Twlight Zone in 1973.
Herc became the B-Boy, the B standing for Beat, Break or Bronx. Since he played a mix of funk, soul, jazz, even disco records, focusing on the break of each, he also had a role in the beginning of sampling.
But he was not the one to make the first rap record. It gets complicated. Some say that honor goes to Harlem rapper King Tim III by Fatback. He would also do the call and response during Fatback’s breaks. Or the first was “Rappers Delight” by Sugar Hill Gang or “Superrappin’” by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. Grandmaster Flash did release the “The Message” in 1982, the lyrics chronicling real life in the slums. There is also no doubt that rap received a big boost when Run DMC recorded “Walk This Way” with rock band Aerosmith in 1986, bringing the genre into the mainstream where it remains today, far from its humble beginnings in the Bronx.
In 2011, DJ Kool Herc underwent surgery paid for by donations since the hip hop pioneer had no health insurance. FYI he was born in April, 1955 if you want to calculate his age.