Thursday, March 5, 2015

Songwriting 101: Terminology for Newcomers

If you’re a newcomer to the music industry, you may not be familiar with some of the terms used in creating, producing and “selling” your songs.

This is by no means a comprehensive list. If you are serious about songwriting, buy or check out a library book on the business, attend workshops and definitely study songs you like for structure and melody.

When you’re writing

Pre-Chorus or Channel:  typically consists of two or sometimes four lines that act as a melodic transition from the verse to the chorus.  

Bridge: usually comes after the second chorus as in verse/chorus, verse/chorus, bridge, chorus. Melodically, the bridge changes rhythm and lyrically resolves the story of the song. The idea is to introduce a change to keep the listener engaged.

Hook: refers to the repeated phrase that the listener remembers. A riff is an instrumental hook.

Scratch Track: may also be called a rough, as in your homemade version of the melody and lyrics.

Co-Writing: means you and a partner or partners created the song and own a pre-arranged share. Even if you’re the only writer, you can choose to offer a co-writing credit to the producer if he or she makes a significant contribution to the final recording.

When you’re in the studio

Demo: is a finished studio or home-recorded track that you use to pitch the song. Demos can be as simple as a singer with piano or guitar, but they must absolutely sound professional and polished with a great vocal and instrumental.

Feel Track: is the style you hear for the demo. If you’re not a very good singer or player, a feel track can help musicians better understand your vision for the song.

Overdub or Sweetening: comes after the basic song is recorded when the guitarist or pianist makes another pass to add an extra layer to the track.

Dynamics: refers to variations in the vocal delivery such as full voice versus head voice. 

Nashville Chart: means that studio musicians follow a series of numbers and symbols rather than notes. As an example, if the key is C, C becomes one and F becomes four. If the key changes, the chart doesn’t and the musicians know what chords to play once they have one, or the key.

On or Off Card: is a term for union or non-union rates. Demo rates are different from master rates.

Fly: comes from today’s technology. Say you like the singer’s performance of line two in the first chorus. The engineer can “fly” that same portion into another chorus.

Work for Hire: is a release signed by anyone involved in producing a demo to specify terms of use. You need this if you want to pitch your song to film/TV. 

When you’re offered a contract

Reversion Clause: sets a certain length of time in a contract for the publisher to get a cut or rights to the song revert back to you.

Cut: means a commercially released recording of your song, either an album cut or better still, a single.

Mechanical Royalties: are set rates for sales of the recording, from CDs to downloads.


Performance Royalties: are collected by organizations such as ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC and you must be a member in order to receive these royalties.

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